A multi-objective optimization problem to maximize both sinter productivity and quality for the integrated iron ore sintering process is formulated and solved using an evolutionary algorithm called non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to obtain a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. In the iron ore sintering process, it is desirable to …
DetailsProportioning is an important part of sintering, as it affects the cost of sintering and the quality of sintered ore. To address the problems posed by the complex raw material information and numerous constraints in the sintering process, a multi-objective optimisation model for sintering proportioning was established, which takes the …
DetailsThe document describes the process of forming iron and steel using a blast furnace. It involves the following key steps: 1. Sinter is added to the top of the blast furnace. Air is blasted into the bottom to fuel reactions that melt the iron out of the sinter. 2. Molten iron collects at the bottom of the furnace and is tapped out periodically.
DetailsIntensification of the iron ore sintering process was approached by injecting hydrogen-rich gas into the sinter bed. The location of the injection was critical to the pyrolysis of the solid fuel, and the SOx and NOx emissions. ... (2022) Characterization and in situ abatement of SOx, NOx, and PCDD/Fs in iron ore sinter machine wind legs. J ...
DetailsAt the sintering machine around 50 kg of fossil fuel per ton of sinter product are consumed. Therefore, new technologies are welcome with the focus of neutralizing carbon emissions. The iron ore sinter process is an important operation unit in the integrated steel plant.
DetailsSintering emissions and their mitigation technologies. L. Lu, ... X. Li, in Iron Ore, 2015. 18.1.1 Key gaseous emissions from sinter plants. Iron ore sintering is a material preparation process employed worldwide in the production of iron and steel. According to statistical data on pollution, sintering plants rank second in terms of toxic …
DetailsCarbon monoxide is the major hazardous component in flue gas exhausting from the iron ore sintering. This study aims to reduce the CO emission by changing the sinter parameters by sintering pot tests; specifically, the sinter quality, CO concentration, and total emission in sintering flue gas were analyzed in detail. The sinter strength …
DetailsIron ore sintering is the iron ore powder agglomeration process that changes fine iron ore powder into the lumpy iron-bearing raw material used for blast furnace ironmaking. ... the bedding material required for sintering is delivered to the head of sintering machine and the powder in the sinter is sieved out and returned as return ore to the ...
DetailsThe sintering process of iron ore in a middle size sintering machine was analyzed using a multiphase mathematical model. New alternatives for replacing the fossil fuel coke breeze used at the sinter plant of integrated steelworks were considered in this paper.
DetailsSinter yield and strength were predicted by the method of numerical simulation in this study. An unsteady two-dimensional mathematical model for the iron ore sintering process was developed by taking most of the significant physical phenomena and chemical reactions into consideration. By employing FLUENT software and C language …
DetailsEnergy Resources, Its Role and Use in Metallurgical Industries. R.C. Gupta, in Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Industrial Processes, 2014 4.2.3.1.3.2 Sinter Making. The iron ore fines (− 10 mm) are agglomerated using Dwight Lloyed sintering machine. The iron ore fines and coke breeze fines mix with moisture is fed on the sinter bed which is ignited …
DetailsFor the ferrous burden of blast furnaces in China, sinter generally accounts for more than 70% and the sintering process accounts for approximately 6–10% of the total energy consumption of the iron and steel enterprise. Therefore, saving energy during the sintering process is important to reduce the energy consumption in the iron and steel …
DetailsCoke breeze is the main heat source in sintering process. Its combustion yields enough amounts of heat which melts the sinter mix. One of the factors that significantly affect the course of coke breeze combustion is its grain size [1,2,3].It is known that fine-grained coke reduces permeability of the sinter mix and the use of coke breeze …
DetailsExplore the intricate steps involved in the sintering process of iron ore. Discover how raw materials are transformed into a high-quality final product, enhancing industrial efficiency. Click to read!
DetailsSuper-high bed sintering process is an important development direction of iron ore sintering for its lower emission and higher yield. However, there is a lack of deep understanding of the uneven quality of super-high bed sintering products, and the deterioration of reduction disintegration performance, the thickening of hearth layer and …
DetailsPCDD/Fs can be formed from chlorine and precursor compounds like oily additives during iron ore sintering. Potentially, PCDD/F emissions can be released from the sinter machine wind boxes close to the burnthrough point with SOx, the sinter machine discharge point, and sinter product processing operations (i.e., crushing, screening, and …
DetailsIn iron ore sinter plants, the process off-gas is de-dusted by electrostatic precipitators which are installed upstream of the fan. For further reduction of emissions, a second cleaning stage can ...
DetailsFig 1 Main components of sinter machine . Pallet cars . The pallet cars convey the green feed material along the machine strand and above the wind boxes (where there is negative system pressure) while the sintering …
DetailsOptimization of iron ore sintering process is to maximize the productivity and the sinter ore quality while minimizing the energy consumption. However, these economic and technical criteria are sometimes contradictory and the improvement of one criterion generally leads to the deterioration of other criteria. This paper aims to seek the …
DetailsFig 1 Schematics of sinter mix and product sinter Sintering process is a generic term that is used to describe the process of agglomeration of a green mix of iron ores, fluxes and coke and plant solid wastes having a particle size of -10 mm so as to produce sinter which can withstand operating pressure and temperature conditions …
DetailsSintering is a manufacturing process used for making various parts from metal or ceramic powder mixtures. Sintering can be defined as the thermal transformation of bulk materials into compact solids at temperatures below their melting point [1–4].The main phenomenon is solid state diffusion, which occurs along the different interfaces of the crystals and …
DetailsIn the expansion to 6.3 Million tons plant, a new sinter machine-3, of 408 square meter and rated capacity of 456 tons / hour was commissioned. In the process of sinter making the hot sinter machine is fed to the single roller crusher and fed to the rotary cooler.
DetailsThe ultimate goal of the iron ore sintering process is to maximize the sinter productivity, strength, and reducibility (which are related to the energy consumption in the iron-making process), and to minimize the energy consumption and environmental impacts.
DetailsBrowse elemental analysers and mass spectrometers that are used in producing high-quality iron ore sinter. Learn what sintering process entails and why controlling sinter feed composition matters in iron and steel production.
DetailsThe iron ore sintering process needs to be optimised to decrease its energy intensity and emissions of carbon and atmospheric pollutants, while continuing to produce sinter of sufficient quality ...
DetailsA decade ago, Chinese steelworks followed the Japanese HPS (Hybrid Pelletized Sinter) process and developed the so-called mini-pellet sintering process, which uses lime milk as the binding matrix and uses a mixing drum to granulate the concentrate into mini-pellet; it is then put into a sinter machine to produce the grape …
DetailsIn the iron ore sintering process, it is desirable to maximize the productivity and quality of sinter while minimizing the fuel consumption for any given raw material (iron ore, flux and solid fuel) quality.
DetailsBased on the suitable matching mode, fuel consumption, sinter return ratio, and 0–10 mm sinter ratio in Jingtang sintering process decreased: 0.9kgce/t, 0.79% and 1.05%, respectively. References Gu H-F (2018) The present situation analysis of imported iron ore in China in recent years and the prospect in 2018.
DetailsGiri and Roy (2012) developed a mathematical model of the iron ore sintering process in a fixed sinter bed and optimized the process parameters using real- valued genetic algorithm. The mathematical model was formulated based on mass and energy …
DetailsThe process has been widely studied and researched in the iron and steelmaking industry to know the best parameters that allows for obtaining the best sinter quality.
DetailsThis provides the necessary gas permeability of the layer in the sinter machine, which makes it possible to carry out the iron ore sintering process in a layer with a height of up to 450 mm. Fig 1. The ignition furnace of the sinter machine. The burden sintering is carried out on a moving grate of the sinter machine.
DetailsInfluences of factors on PM10/2.5 (particulate matters less than 10/2.5 µm in aerodynamic) emission in iron ore sintering process have been investigated using a lab-scale sinter pot.
DetailsThe production of blast furnace ironmaking depends on large part on the sintering of iron ore; thus, it is crucial to model, simulate, and optimise the sintering process in order to increase automation and implement intelligent manufacturing .
Detailssintering process – building and modernizing sinter plants for over 5 decades • Efficient project execution – with experienced and reliable project management • Leading automation solutions – with unique process optimization and expert systems for a safe and reliable …
DetailsSteel making using the integrated blast furnace (BF) process route is still the dominant steel production method covering 70% of worldwide steel production and iron ore sintering is one of the most important iron sources within this process, which represent 70–80% of charged iron-bearing materials into modern BF [].Inside this route, sinter …
DetailsIntroducing a selective waste gas recirculation (SWGR) to the sintering process reduces the energy consumption, stack gas volume flow, and sulfur dioxide emissions of an iron sinter production. Simulating this complex process in flowsheet simulations of integrated iron and steelworks is a fast and cost-effective opportunity to …
DetailsNath and Mitra [15] analyzed a two-layer sintering process for sinter quality and fuel efficiency by using a genetic algorithm. Masoud [16] investigated the effects of kinetic parameters on combustion characteristics in a sintering bed. Cheng [17] evaluated sinter strength using process parameters under different conditions by sinter pot tests.
DetailsIn the iron ore sintering process, it is desirable to maximize the productivity and quality of sinter while minimizing the fuel consumption for any given raw material (iron ore, flux and solid fuel) quality. However, given the complexity of the sintering process and the large number of manipulated variables, it is not practical for operators to identify …
DetailsPE series jaw crusher is usually used as primary crusher in quarry production lines, mineral ore crushing plants and powder making plants.
GET QUOTE